Lanliss is correct, to my knowledge a Sprite's Heart Sight is the only thing in the game that directly detects alignment.(Made a list of Alignment based mechanics here: http://www.enworld.org/forum/showthread.php?474120-5E-The-few-mechanical-implications-of-Alignment)
Detect Good and Evil determines creature type. (Although ironically... not alignment!)
Symbol and Glyph of Warding are kinda a fringe case.
Glyph of Warding "You can further refine the trigger so the spell activates only under certain circumstances or according to physical characteristics (such as height and weight), creature kind (for example, the ward could be set to affect aberrations or drow), or alignment."
Symbol has very similar wording, although oddly doesn't mention alignment.
A similar case could be made for Antipathy/Sympathy.
However I think in all three cases the spells *react* to certain creature types rather than *detect* them.
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